Abstract: Objective To explore the perinatal risk factors small for gestational age (SGA) infants whose birth weight <2 500 g versus whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g by analyzing and evaluating the clinic documents about SGA infants whose birth weight <2 500 g and whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g. Methods The data of the SGA infants treated at our department were collected. According to their birth weights, the infants were divided into an observation group (n=169), whose birth weight <2 500 g, and a control group (n=48), whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g. The relevant perinatal information of the pregnant women and the infants were collected. The women's high risk factors during pregnancy were analyzed. The incidence of common diseases and the infection indicators were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of diabetes, hypertension, multiple gestation, and GBS infection were 33.14% (56/169), 13.02% (22/169), 10.65% (18/169), and 6.51% (11/169) in the women of the observation group, with no statistical differences from those in the control group (all P>0.05). Six women had chronic fetal distress, 6 placental abnormality, 11 premature rupture of membranes, and 69 caesarean birth in the observation group, and 7, 6, 8, and 11 in the control group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The birth weight, Apgar score, body length, head circumference, and hospital stay were (2.25±0.16) kg, (9.34±0.64), (46.78±1.79) cm, (32.03±1.21) cm, and (5.03±2.50) d in the infants of the observation group, and were (2.61±0.12) kg, (9.05±0.88), (48.35±0.79) cm, (32.72±0.67) cm, and (3.76±1.35) d in those of the control groups, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with the SGA infants whose birth weight ≥ 2 500 g, the SGA infants whose birth weight < 2 500 g have a higher disease incidence and a poor performance. Therefore, fortifying antenatal health education for pregnant women and lying-in women and ensuring a regular production inspection to discover high-risk pregnant factors are conducive to reducing the birth rate of SGA fetuses and improving neonate quality.

Key words: SGA infants whose birth weight 2 500 g, High-risk perinatal factors, Complications

摘要： 目的 足月小样儿与出生体质量≥2 500 g的足月小于胎龄儿的临床资料进行分析评价,探讨两者间围产高危因素及危险因素分析对比。方法 收集本院新生儿科收治的胎龄>37周的小于胎龄儿资料进行回顾性分析研究。根据出生体质量分为观察组(出生体质量<2 500 g)169例,对照组(出生体质量≥2 500 g)48例,收集孕妇及患儿围生期相关资料,分析纳入的患儿母亲孕期高危因素,比较两组患儿生后常见疾病发生率及感染指标差异。结果 观察组母亲发生并发症最多的前4种疾病依次是糖尿病(33.14%,56/169)、高血压(13.02%,22/169)、多胎妊娠(10.65%,18/169)、GBS感染(6.51%,11/169)。与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组中分娩因素有慢性宫内窘迫(6例)、胎盘异常(6例)、胎膜早破(11例)、宫产(69例),与对照组(分别为7例、6例、8例、11例)相比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组新生儿出生体质量(2.25±0.16)kg、Apgar评分(9.34±0.64)分、身长(46.78±1.79)cm、头围(32.03±1.21)cm、住院天数(5.03±2.50)d,与对照组新生儿[分别为(2.61±0.12)kg、(9.05±0.88)分、(48.35±0.79)cm、(32.72±0.67)cm、(3.76±1.35)d]相比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 与体质量>2 500 g的足月小于胎龄儿相比,足月小样儿的疾病发病率相对较高,预后相对较差。因此,对孕产妇加强产前健康教育,按时定期产检,尽早发现孕期高危因素,有助于降低足月小样儿出生率,从而提升新生儿出生质量。

关键词: 足月小样儿, 足月小于胎龄儿, 围产高危因素, 并发症